This article is a part of a series describing the installation of Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 (MOSS) on a Windows Server 2008 with the newly released SQL Server 2008. SharePoint 2007 relies on a database server and that will be SQL Server 2005 or SQL Server 2008.
Update: 60 min - Install SharePoint with PowerShell easy and fast
Back with SharePoint 2007 you had the choice between a 32bit and 64bit SharePoint 2007 deployment. I suggest you just take the 64bit pieces of Windows Server 2008, SQL Server 2005 or 2008 and SharePoint 2007. Hyper-V allows you to virtualize 64bit environments compared to Virtual PC or Virtual Server 2005 which didn't allow that. Hyper-V is really fast so you shouldn't consider using the older technologies... it saves you tons of time.
If you go a step back to the previous articles there are two accounts needed here: the SQL Server service account and the setup administrator. The SQL Server service account is a domain account used to run the SQL Server service instance. The setup administrator is the install account for SharePoint 2007 but will be used here also as the SQL Server administrator (sysadmin). This way you need only the setup administrator to manage Windows Server, SQL Server and SharePoint 2007.
It's just to simplify things...
Please have a look at:
Installation
Start the "setup.exe" of your SQL Server 2008 installation DVD.
You are prompted to install the .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 (surprise since this was officially released later)
After that you need to install a Windows Update.


On the left side click "Installation" and on the right side click "New SQL Server stand-alone installation or add features to an existing installation".
After that select your version of SQL Server 2008.

After installing the setup support files you are prompted that there are some warnings. You can ignore that on a development environment.

After that select the "Database Engine Services" feature and the "Management Tools" feature.
Keep the default instance checked.

After validating the hard disk requirements you have to select a services account.
Please use the domain account from Part 3: Domain Accounts.

You don't need to change the collation settings given by the installation wizard.
Use "Windows Authentication" and add the current user as a SQL Server administrator.

Click a few times next to start installation.

Configuration
You have to enable "named pipes".
"Remember to reboot for the named pipes to be available (needed for part 6)." (Updated 13. September 2009, provided by Audun)

"Remember to go back to the Domain setup page and set the required permissions for SQL server /setupAdmin account." - Installing MOSS 2007 on Windows Server 2008 and SQL Server 2008 - Part 3: Domain Accounts (Updated 13. September 2009, provided by Audun)